Ethereum processed a record 200.4 million base-layer transactions in the first quarter of 2026, capping a multi-year U-shaped recovery in network activity.
Despite the surge in usage, ether remains more than 50 percent below its August 2025 peak near $5,000, creating a divergence between fundamentals and price.
Much of the growth is driven by Layer 2 and stablecoin settlement, which boosts L1 transaction counts but, after the Dencun upgrade, does not translate cleanly into higher fees, token burn or holder value.
The Ethereum smart contract blockchain is a decentralized system that can automatically execute agreements without the need for a bank, lawyer, or middleman. Transactions on Ethereum are records of actions, such as sending native token ether (ETH), interacting with smart contracts, or transferring tokens, that are securely processed and imprinted on the blockchain.
Layer 2s and stablecoins lead the boom
The recovery in Ethereum’s on-chain activity began in mid-2025, with each successive quarter seeing higher activity than the last. This led to Q1 2026, when activity jumped 43% from Q4 2025’s 145 million, marking a clear U-shaped growth from the 2023 bottom.
Still, Ethereum’s native token ether is down over 50% from its August 2025 high of nearly $5,000. It traded around $2,328 as of Friday morning. This divergence may present an opportunity for traders looking to capitalize on fundamental growth and statistics.
Most of the traffic lives on Layer 2s, which are separate networks built on top of Ethereum that process transactions cheaply and then batch them down to the main chain for final settlement. Think of Layer 2s as extra packs attached to your bike, letting you carry more than you could on your own.
Base and Arbitrum are the two largest, where users interact with them for lower fees, and the activity shows up on Ethereum’s base layer as settlement and bridging.
Stablecoins, or tokenized versions of fiat currencies, are also being used heavily on Ethereum. According to Token Terminal, the total supply of stablecoins on Ethereum has reached a record $180 billion, according to Token Terminal, accounting for about 60% of the global stablecoin market.
Both trends push transaction counts higher on L1 through settlement and bridging activity, even when end users never directly touch the base layer.
The risk flagged by some analysts is that L2 activity masks base-layer fee pressure.
Ethereum earns less per transaction after the Dencun upgrade significantly reduced data costs for L2s, meaning more activity does not cleanly translate into more burn or more holder value.
The broader read is that Ethereum’s usage has completed the kind of multi-year recovery that typically precedes price movement rather than trails it.
Whether this quarter marks an inflection or the top of a local cycle depends on whether the 200 million figure holds in Q2, and whether the growth continues to be driven by genuine onboarding rather than bot activity, which has increasingly dominated stablecoin transaction volume on-chain.
The Cardano founder argues BIP-361 is mislabeled as a soft fork and that its zero-knowledge recovery plan cannot rescue roughly 1.7 million pre-2013 bitcoin, including Satoshi’s holdings.
What to know:
Cardano founder Charles Hoskinson says Bitcoin’s proposed quantum defense, BIP-361, is mischaracterized as a soft fork and would in practice require a hard fork that conflicts with Bitcoin’s anti–hard fork culture.
He argues the plan’s zero-knowledge recovery mechanism cannot protect about 1.7 million older bitcoins, including roughly 1 million attributed…
