“The participants capturing a disproportionate share of profits are operating in a different league entirely,” the report said, pointing to capital depth, infrastructure, and execution strategies that are out of reach for most users.

Solidus’ study also flags signs of wash trading, with roughly 15% of volume in some markets showing patterns consistent with self-trading or economically neutral positions.

Because outcome tokens in a binary prediction market sum to roughly $1.00, a trader could buy YES on both Trump and Harris inside the same time window, register volume on each leg, and finish economically delta-neutral.

Solidus says this trade has no equivalent in traditional finance.

Some of that volume may be incentive farming rather than pure manipulation. It’s widely speculated that Polymarket’s upcoming $POLY airdrop will factor in trading volume as a metric to allocate tokens.

Market surveillance sales pitch

Solidus is not a neutral observer. The firm sells HALO, the surveillance platform whose output the report relies on, and recently signed a deal to deploy that platform across more than 4,000 markets on Kalshi, Polymarket’s largest U.S.-regulated competitor.

The data is onchain and verifiable. The framing — that prediction markets need surveillance infrastructure, preferably Solidus’s — is part of the pitch.

That doesn’t change the underlying numbers. It does suggest reading them with a hand on the wallet.

If earlier research showed that a small minority moves these markets, the latest data point to something sharper.

If earlier research showed that a small minority moves these markets, the latest data suggests an even starker conclusion: an even smaller group consistently wins them.

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